Metodological protocols to support
biodiversity monitoring

​Scientific reports prepared by the MNCN-CSIC under the agreement with MAPA

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The development of the protocols through the agreement between the CSIC and the MAPA began with the definition of a common conceptual framework and the establishment of shared objectives. To achieve this, a series of meetings were held between CSIC researchers and MAPA technicians with the aim of aligning expectations, defining the goals of the protocols, and identifying key indicators. During this initial phase, the ecosystem variables, biodiversity parameters to be monitored, and the spatial scale of the work were also agreed upon.

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Once the conceptual framework had been defined, the joint methodological design phase commenced. This stage involved the development of specific sampling methods, such as plots, transects, and spatial data, together with the procedures for sampling fauna, insects, and vegetation. Sampling periods and the number of repetitions required to ensure data robustness were also established. Subsequently, the first analyses were carried out in collaboration with SEO/BirdLife, using the SACRE database at the national scale in Spain. These preliminary analyses were essential to validate the protocols, identify potential logistical or accessibility issues, and fine-tune the procedures before their final implementation.

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Finally, following the validation phase and the necessary adjustments, the definitive protocol was produced, accompanied by a detailed operational manual aimed at field technicians. This document includes step-by-step instructions, standardised recording formats, sampling schemes, and quality assurance and data control criteria, thereby ensuring homogeneity, traceability, and reliability in the application of biodiversity monitoring protocols at the national level. The implementation of these protocols will depend on the MAPA’s budget from late 2025 onwards, continuing through to the completion of the evaluation phase of Spain’s Strategic Plan for the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP).